Nayara Energy, India’s second-largest private oil refiner, is grappling with the fallout of European Union sanctions linked to Russian ownership. With Rosneft holding nearly 49% of the company, sanctions have restricted crude procurement, disrupted equipment supplies, and curtailed international trade. In response, Nayara has scaled down operations at its Vadinar refinery, redirected fuel sales to domestic buyers such as Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. (HPCL), and sought government assistance for critical repair components.